Sol/gel polymer surface coatings and tannin block enhancement

ABSTRACT

Tannin block properties in surface coating compositions are increased by admixing a sol or gel containing one or more salts with a polymer and a surface coating paste stock. A novel surface coating composition containing a polymer and salt homogeneously distributed in the composition is prepared from the sol or gel and has increased tannin block properties compared to a composition without the admixed sol or gel.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 373,401, filed June 30, 1989, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.345,029 filed Apr. 28, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,563 which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.305,451 filed Feb. 1, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,562.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to sol or gel compositions capable ofenhancing the tannin blocking property of surface coatings and paints,and particularly latex paints applied to outdoor wood surfaces.

References to paints and surface coating compositions are often usedinterchangeably; however, paints are used to describe pigmentedmaterials as distinct from clear surface coatings such as lacquers orvarnishes. The purposes of paint and surface coatings are aestheticand/or protective. A coating can enhance the appearance of a substratein terms of colour and gloss as well as give protection against suchproblems as weathering or corrosion.

Wood is widely used in buildings for such items as roof trusses, timberframes, joists, doors, window frames, cladding and fencing. However,wood is vulnerable to a variety of degrading influences, often caused byweathering, which include light, moisture and biological attack. Aphenomenon of the weathering of wood is the generation of tannins whichmigrate in the wood. Tannins in wood are essentially derivatives oftannic acid (also called gallotannic phenolics). Tannins, and theirmigration in wood, can cause visibility of wood grains through inferiorwood surface coatings or can cause discoloration of the coating.

In order to block the effects of tannins, a primer surface coating isusually applied to wood, allowed to dry, and then an overcoat isapplied. However, the search continues for better overcoats and forsurface coating compositions which require only a single coatingapplication and yet effectively block the effects of tannins in woodsubstrates. To this end, more effective components of coatingcompositions which serve as tannin blocking agents are presently beingsought.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves a method for enhancing the tanninblocking property of a surface coating composition, including a paintcomposition. A sol or gel composition containing a salt is added to apolymer composition, or to a surface coating or paint compositioncontaining a polymer, or to a surface coating precursor compositioncontaining a polymer, to produce a product surface coating or paintcomposition having an enhanced tannin blocking property. The salt in thesol or gel composition is contained in sufficient amount to increase thetannin blocking property of the surface coating composition preparedtherefrom. In general, the particular salt utilized and the particularamount of sol or gel composition and salt utilized, depends upon theparticular polymer utilized and the particular substrate that is coated.

The invention also involves a surface coating composition comprising apolymer binder and a salt homogeneously distributed in the compositionin sufficient concentration to block the effects of tannins contained ina wood-containing substrate, i.e., to prolong the visibility of woodgrains of the substrate through the coating and/or discoloration of thecoating. The surface coating composition, particularly a waterbornesurface coating composition, comprises a sol or gel compositioncontaining a tannin block-enhancing amount of salt, at least onewater-soluble or water-dispersible polymer binder, and usually a pastestock containing such ingredients as pigments, coalescing aids,thickening aids, dispersing aids, defoamers, biocides, and fillers.

The surface coating compositions of the invention prepared from the solor gel composition and polymer are applied to wood-containingsubstrates. The resultant dried surface coating compositions and thecoated substrates formed therefrom provide compositions having enhancedtannin-blocking properties compared to compositions not prepared withthe described sol or gel compositions. Such compositions and coatedsubstrates of the invention also can retain adequate scrub and wetadhesion properties while gloss is also enhanced One of the advantagesof the compositions described herein as useful for coatingwood-containing substrates is that a single coat of such compositionsprovides tannin blocking properties which are as effective as aconventional two-coat application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves a method for enhancing the tanninblocking property of a surface coating composition, including paintcomposition. The method includes the step of admixing a sol or gelcomposition containing a salt with a composition containing a polymer toproduce a product admixture composition. The salt is contained in thesol or gel composition in a sufficient concentration to increase thetannin blocking property of a surface coating composition derived fromthe product admixture composition. The product admixture composition canbe either the product surface coating composition or a precursor to theproduct surface coating composition. The method includes the step ofblending the product admixture composition with a surface coating pastestock to provide a product surface coating or paint composition havingan improved tannin blocking property compared to one prepared withoutintroducing the salt into the surface coating composition by addition ofa salt-containing sol or gel composition. Copending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 373,401, filed June 30, 1989, by the presentinventor and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, describessurface coating compositions effective for reducing the weathering of awood substrate due to tannin blocking properties of the composition.

Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 305,451, filed Feb. 1, 1989,by the present inventor and incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety, describes salt-containing sol or gel compositions having a pHless than about 4.0 and their method of preparation, and the admixing ofthe sols or gels with polymers to produce product admixture compositionswhich are stable and noncoagulated. In addition to a salt, the sol orgel compositions usually contain a nonaqueous solvent, a stabilizer and,optionally, an acidic component. The solvent is typically an ether,ester, alcohol or combinations thereof, the stabilizer is either achelator, such as a hydrocarboxylic acid, or a nonionic surfactant, andthe acidic component is a protic acid such as nitric acid.

The salt must be capable of (1) existing as colloidal salt particulates,(2) existing in ion species or (3) forming ions when dispersed in acomposition containing a latex polymer. In the formation of a sol orgel, the salt contains cations or anions capable of being dispersed inthe admixture of solvent and stabilizer. In one embodiment for preparingthe sol or gel containing a solvent, stabilizer, salt and acidiccomponent, the ingredients are admixed at room temperature and slowlyheated to a temperature in the range from about 35° C. to about 85° C.for a period sufficient to produce a transparent product, ordinarilyfrom about 0.5 to about 15 hours, and having the color of thecharacteristic anion or cation of the particular salt in the admixture.The transparent product is a sol or gel composition containing thecations and anions and/or colloidal salt particulates of the particularsalt of the admixture. At least one cation and/or at least one anion ofthe salt is dispersed in the dried resultant latex polymer/saltcomposition. Although the invention is not bound by any theory, it isbelieved that at least some of the particulates derived from thestarting salt exists as colloidal salt particulates dispersed in theresultant latex polymer/salt composition. Although all polymers,including water-soluble polymers, such as water-soluble resins, arecontemplated in the present invention, a suitable polymer is anonconjugated polymer such as a water-dispersible polymer (particularlylatex) disclosed in the aforementioned copending application Ser. No.305,451.

Polymer concentrations in compositions containing a starting latexpolymer, particularly those with dispersions in aqueous media, areordinarily greater than about 0.1 weight percent of the composition.Usually the concentrations are greater than 1 weight percent andpreferably greater than 5 weight percent, but most commonly in the rangefrom about 40 to 70 percent for those latexes resulting from emulsionpolymerization. An intermediate mixture of salt, stabilizer and solventis heated to prepare a sol or gel which is typically mixed with astarting latex polymer to produce a product admixture containing thesalt and latex polymer.

The invention encompasses surface coating compositions which have acontinuous and discontinuous phase. The invention is directed to awaterborne surface coating composition wherein the continuous waterphase contains a binder comprising a water-soluble polymer, and, moreparticularly, to waterborne surface coating compositions wherein thediscontinuous phase comprises a water-dispersible polymer binder, suchas a latex. The discontinuous phase of the surface coating compositionsof the invention also contains salt components of the sol or gelcompositions described herein and typically a paste stock usuallycontaining one or more of the following components: a pigment, anextender pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a dispersing aid,a protective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an amine solubilizer, aflow additive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler material. Thewaterborne coating compositions of the invention contain water, the solor gel compositions described herein, usually a paste stock and eitherwater-soluble polymers such as water-soluble resins, alkyds,polyurethanes, unsaturated polyesters, and the like, orwater-dispersible polymers such as latex polymers.

Although the invention is not bound by any theory, it is believed thatat least some of the particulates derived from the starting saltcontained in the sol or gel exists as anions or cations of the salt orcolloidal salt particulates, the derived particulates beinghomogeneously distributed in the resultant polymer/salt compositioncomprising the surface coating composition of the invention. In contrastto conventional surface coating compositions containing dispersed saltsfrom a paste stock (including ground pigments comprising salts, i.e.,salt pigments), which are ordinarily capable of settling over time, thesalt components introduced into the surface coating compositions of theinvention by means of the sol or gel compositions are continuously andpermanently distributed throughout the surface coating composition, or aprecursor thereof, so as to be homogeneously distributed in the productcomposition. The term "homogeneously distributed" as used herein, refersto those arrangements and distributions of salt components (whethercations, anions or colloidal salt particulates) derived from the sol orgel composition being closer to the homogeneity and permanence existingin a true solution (wherein a salt is completely dissolved in water andpermanently maintained in such a phase) than that in conventionalsurface coating compositions containing ground dispersed salt pigments.The finely ground conventional dispersed paint pigment or other additivecomprising a salt is considered herein to be heterogeneously distributedin a surface coating composition. When viewing the distribution of saltcomponents in surface coating compositions with visibility aids weakerthan the ultra microscope, the homogeneity of the salt components of thecompositions of the invention is better than that for the ground pigmentsalts, and the like, of conventional surface coating compositions. Inthe present context, the distribution and arrangement of butterfatparticles in homogenized milk, when viewed through a magnifying glass,is considered homogeneous.

Although any polymer binder compatible with the salt components of thesol or gel compositions described herein may be utilized in a surfacecoating composition of the invention, water-dispersible polymers arepreferred. In a preferred embodiment, a typical polymerization processyields an emulsion comprising a latex polymer and water. However, theemulsion can further comprise a surfactant, a chain transfer agent,catalysts, and activators.

The emulsion in combination with the salt-containing sol or gelcompositions described herein (i.e., product admixture composition) canbe used to replace at least a portion of the polymer binder used in awaterborne surface coating composition, such as a water-base paintcomposition containing a latex polymer. A typical surface coating orpaint composition comprises an emulsion containing a polymer binder,salt (from a sol or gel) which is homogeneously distributed therein, atleast one pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a dispersing aid,a defoamer, a biocide, and a filler. Coalescing aids, thickening aids,dispersing aids, defoamers, biocides and fillers suitable for use insurface coating paint compositions are well known to those skilled inthe art. Exemplary polymer binders include, but are not limited to,resins, vinyl acrylic polymers, acrylic polymers, vinyl chloride acrylicpolymers, styrene/butadiene copolymers, styrene/acrylate copolymers, andvinyl acetate/ethylene copolymers. Also included are those polymersdisclosed in the aforementioned copending application Ser. No. 305,451.Generally, up to about 30 weight percent of the solid content of thepolymer binder can be replaced by the product admixture composition ofthe invention. Usually, the product admixture composition replaces about1 to about 30 weight percent of the polymer binder's solid contentPreferably, from about 5 to about 25, and more preferably from about 10to about 20 weight percent of the solid content of the polymer binder isreplaced by the product admixture composition. Paint compositionssuitable for use in conjunction with the product admixture compositiontypically have a pigment volume concentration (pvc) of less than about25 volume by volume percent (v/v %). Preferably, the paint compositionhas a pvc of about 15 to about 25 v/v %.

In addition to a polymer binder and a sol or gel composition containinga salt, the surface coating composition of the invention can contain asurface coating paste stock. The paste stock, particularly a paste stocksuitable in combination with a water-dispersible polymer, usuallycontains at least one pigment and usually at least one of theaforementioned additives such as a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, adefoamer, a biocide and/or a filler material or extender. Copending U.S.patent application Ser. No. 345,029, filed Apr. 28, 1989, by the presentinventor and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, describescompounding ingredients for use during blending with a product admixturecomposition. In the present invention, a waterborne coating compositioncontaining a water-soluble polymer binder and water usually contains asurface coating paste stock containing at least one pigment and usuallyat least one additive such as a pigment dispersant, an aminesolubilizer, a flow additive, a drier, and/or a cosolvent. Conventionalground pigments useful herein include titanium dioxide; coppercarbonate; manganese dioxide; lead, zinc and boron chromates; cadmiumsulphide; iron oxides; Prussian blue; cobalt blue; ultramarine; chromiumoxide; cadmium selenide; red lead; chrome lead; zinc oxide; antimonyoxide and lead or calcium carbonate. The salt components derived fromthe sol or gel composition described herein can also comprise all or apart of the pigment contained in the surface coating composition. Asdisclosed in the aforementioned copending U.S. application Ser. No.305,451, several salts contained in the sol or gel compositions provideeither color or colorless compositions. For instance, aluminum acetatesol is yellow, aluminum nitrate sol is colorless, cupric acetate isblue, cobalt acetate is red, neodymium chloride is yellow-green, ferriccitrate is brown, etc.

Aside from providing color or lack thereof to a surface coatingcomposition, the salt contained in the sol or gel provides anenhancement to the tannin blocking property of the composition. Suchenhancement is particularly effective for the blocking effects oftannins produced from are coated by the surface coating compositionsdescribed herein. For example, wood-containing substrates, such asredwood and cedar lumber, are coated with the surface coatingcompositions described herein.

Several of the salts contained in the sol or gel compositions, asdescribed in the aforementioned U.S. application Ser. No. 305,451, areutilized to prepare the surface coating compositions of the invention.Particularly useful salts for the surface coating compositions includethe acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides of ammonium, silver,aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt, chromium,cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury, indium, potassium,lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead, praseodymium,antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc, manganese, gold,germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium, yttrium, bismuth,gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium. Preferred salts includethe acetates of ammonium, aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, chromium,cobalt, copper, dysprosium, lead, lithium, lanthanum, magnesium,neodymium, potassium, praseodymium, silicon, silver, sodium, strontium,thorium, uranium, and zinc, tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate,sodium vanadate, nickel silylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickelphosphomolybdate, titanium ethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammoniummolybdocobaltate, sodium molybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, bariumcarbonate, dysprosium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, neodymium nitrate,bismuth nitrate, lanthanum oxide, lead nitrate, erbium nitrate, europiumnitrate/ samarium nitrate and yttrium nitrate. Highly preferred saltscontain an aluminum metallic cation, more particularly analuminum-containing salt such as aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride,aluminum nitrate or aluminum isopropoxide. Also, tetrapropylammoniumbromide is highly preferred.

In one embodiment of the invention, a sol or gel containing a salt isadmixed with a polymer such as a resin. The product admixturecomposition is blended with a surface coating paste stock to produce awater-soluble surface coating composition. In a preferred embodiment,the salt-containing sol or gel is admixed with a latex polymer, waterand a surface coating paste stock to produce a water-dispersible surfacecoating composition. The product coating compositions have enhancedtannin blocking properties and also such salt addition does notsubstantially reduce the scrub or wet adhesion properties of thecompositions.

The surface coating paint composition can be applied to at least aportion of a surface of a wood-containing substrate. When applied to thesubstrate, the surface coating or paint, upon drying, forms a dried(nonaqueous) resultant coating composition that typically has a bettertannin-blocking property than the same coating composition notcontaining the salt derived from the sol or gel composition describedherein. In the method of the invention, sufficient salt (i.e., a tanninblocking-enhancing amount of salt) is incorporated into the sol or gelcomposition and/or sufficient sol or gel-containing salt is admixed witha composition containing a polymer and/or a paste stock in an amount toincrease the tannin blocking property of a surface coating compositionof the invention compared to the same surface coating composition notcontaining the salt from the sol or gel composition. When applied onwood-containing substrates, (1) the dried sol or gel composition or (2)the dried product admixture composition or (3) the dried surface coatingcompositions described herein of the instant invention are capable ofreducing the effects of tannins.

A tannin blocking-enhancing amount of the salt is homogeneouslydistributed in the surface coating composition of the invention or itsprecursor by a method involving admixing a sol or gel compositioncontaining sufficient salt with a composition containing a polymer andordinarily also with a surface coating paste stock. In general, theconcentration of salt homogeneously distributed in the surface coatingcomposition is about 0.02 and about 1 weight percent. Typically theconcentration of sol or gel composition in the surface coatingcomposition which is necessary to achieve such salt concentrations isusually about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent. Furthermore, theconcentration of salt in the sol or gel composition is usually about 1to about 50, preferably about 10 to about 20 weight percent. Moreover,when the sol or gel composition is first admixed with a compositioncontaining a polymer to produce a product admixture composition prior toblending with a surface coating paste stock, the concentration of thesol or gel in the product admixture composition is usually about 0.5 toabout 25 weight percent, and the concentration of the salt (from the solor gel composition) in the product admixture composition is ordinarilyabout 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.

Examples of sol or gel compositions or product admixture compositions orsurface coating compositions described herein include woodpretreatments, primers, stains and paints. For instance, woodpretreatments may be water repellants; primers can include shellac,alkyd primer paint and acrylic latex primer paint; stains may betransparent oil based, semitransparent oil-based, transparent latex,semitransparent latex, solid color oil or latex; and paints can beoil-based or latex, indoor or outdoor and the like. The preferredcompositions contain latex.

The sol or gel compositions, the product admixture compositions or thesurface coating compositions of the invention are applied either to thesurface of an uncoated wood substrate, or applied to such substratesover a previously coated surface. The applied surface coatingcomposition of the invention is dried by suitable methods known in theart to produce a dried, resultant coating composition containing acoalesced polymer and salt components derived from the sol or gelcomposition.

The resulting coated substrate comprising the wood substrate and thedried resultant surface coating composition of the invention has a driedresultant surface coating having an enhanced tannin blocking propertycompared to a comparable coating composition not prepared with the solor gel composition described herein. Either a coated substratecomprising a wood-containing substrate and the dried resultant surfacecoating composition or the surface coating composition may, in additionto the tannin blocking properties, contain a controlled quantity of solor gel composition and/or salt contained therein, so as to havecontrolled opacity and/or color and other visual effects.

The resulting coated substrates produced by the combination of the driedresultant coating composition and the wood substrate upon which thesurface coating composition of the invention is at least partiallyapplied also depend upon the reaction between the coating composition ofthe invention and the particular wood substrate that is coated.

The tannin blocking property of the compositions described herein, e.g.,the sol or gel compositions, the product admixture compositions, theproduct admixture compositions containing the sol or gel compositions incombination with a composition containing a polymer such as latex orwater-soluble resins, the combinations of sol or gel compositions withcompositions containing a polymer and with surface coating paste stocks,the dried resultant compositions of the aforementioned compositions andcombinations, and the coated wood-containing substrates of theaforementioned composition, refers to the capability of the compositionto inhibit or prolong the visibility of wood grains of a wood-containingsubstrate through the composition and/or inhibit or prolongdiscoloration of the coating. For purposes herein accelerated weatheringevaluation of the tannin block property of the compositions describedherein is determined by applying a single coating of the evaluationcomposition on a wood-containing substrate, such as redwood, cedar andthe like, drying the coating for at least one half hour, and exposingthe substrate to 4 hour intervals of light (using UVB-313 lamps at 45°C.) and moist darkness for at least one week. A typical evaluation oftannin block properties involves the placement of coated wood-containingsubstrates in a QUV Weatherometer (Q-Panel Company, Cleveland, Ohio) forone week and visual observation of the wood grains and the discolorationof the coating.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples which areillustrative of specific modes of practicing the invention and are notintended as limiting the scope of the invention defined by the appendedclaims.

EXAMPLE 1

A 2 liter resin kettle is charged with 492 g ethylene glycol, 100 galuminum acetate, 333 g citric acid, and 30 ml concentrated nitric acid.The mixture is heated to 70° C. for 4 hours. The material is then cooledto room temperature. The resulting straw colored sol has a pH of <0.1and a Brookfield viscosity of 450 cps.

The following ingredients are blended together to prepare a paint pastestock according to Federal Specification TT-P-19D: 316.5 water, 5.0 gNatrosol 250MBR, 10.2 g Colloids 226/35, 2.0 g Igepal CO630, 3.5 gColloids 640, 2.0 g Nuosept 95, 1.5 g AMP-95, 1.5 g potassiumtripolyphosphate, 250.0 g Tronox CR822, 27.8 g ethylene glycol, 50.0 gKadox 555, and 175.0 g Minex 4. After all ingredients are added and ahomogeneous material is obtained, 13.8 g Texanol, 3.5 g Colloids 643,and 6.0 g Polyphase AFl are blended into the paint paste stock.

The sol is blended into a commercial styrene-vinyl acrylic latex(commercially available as 76 RES 6510 from Unocal Chemicals Division,Schaumburg, Ill., herein "Unocal"). The sol to latex weight ratio is1:10, obtained by using 36.0 g sol and 324.0 g latex.

The product paint is obtained by blending 360.0 g of the sol/latexproduct admixture composition into 1225.8 g of the paint paste stock.The resulting formulation had a viscosity of 95KU, a density of 11.81lbs/gal and a total solids of 58.1% by weight.

EXAMPLE 2

The rough finished side of redwood clap board is painted by brush withthe paint obtained in Example 1. An additional section of board ispainted with a paint formulation like that in Example 1, except withoutthe sol, and 360.0 g of Unocal 76 RES 6510 styrene-vinyl acrylic latexis used. Single coats of paint are compared subjectively and visuallyupon drying for 30 minutes. The paint prepared from the aluminum acetatesol and latex hid the redwood grain better than the comparable paintwithout the sol.

EXAMPLE 3

Several sols containing salts and ethylene glycol solvent are evaluatedas tannin block agents. Four latexes are used: a styrene-vinyl acryliclatex (Unocal 76 RES 6510), a polyvinylacetate, i.e., PVA latex (Unocal76 RES 60011), a polyvinylacetate, i.e. PVA latex (Unocal 76 RES 6004)and a styrene butadiene rubber, i.e. SBR latex (Unocal 76 RES 4076).Product admixture compositions containing sol and latex in a 1:10 weightratio, respectively, are prepared and added to the paint paste stock ofExample 1 to produce product paints as set forth in Example 1. The solscontaining a citric acid stabilizer are prepared in the same manner asin Example 1 and the sols containing nonionic surfactant stabilizers(Igepal CO610, CO620, CO630--phenoxypolyoxyethylenes) are also preparedin the same manner as in Example 1, except no nitric acid is added. Theproduct paints are evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2.

The following Table A summarizes product paints containing sols havingsalts and latex polymers which exhibit a suitable tannin blockingproperty:

                  TABLE A                                                         ______________________________________                                        Latex       Salt            Sol Stabilizer                                    ______________________________________                                        76 RES 6510 aluminum acetate                                                                              citric acid                                                   aluminum acetate                                                                              Igepal CO630                                                  antimony glycoxide                                                                            citric acid                                                   barium carbonate                                                                              citric acid                                                   calcium acetate citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  Igepal CO610                                                  cupric acetate  Igepal CO620                                                  cupric acetate  Igepal CO630                                                  dysprosium acetate                                                                            citric acid                                                   lanthanum nitrate                                                                             citric acid                                                   neodymium nitrate                                                                             citric acid                                                   strontium acetate                                                                             citric acid                                                   tetrapropylammonium                                                                           citric acid                                                   bromide                                                                       yttrium nitrate citric acid                                       76 RES 60011                                                                              aluminum acetate                                                                              citric acid                                                   aluminum acetate                                                                              Igepal CO630                                                  antimony glycoxide                                                                            citric acid                                                   bismuth nitrate citric acid                                                   boron acetate   citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  Igepal CO630                                                  lanthanum oxide citric acid                                                   neodymium nitrate                                                                             citric acid                                                   lead acetate    citric acid                                                   tetrapropylammonium                                                                           citric acid                                                   bromide                                                           76 RES 6004 aluminum acetate                                                                              citric acid                                                   aluminum acetate                                                                              Igepal CO630                                                  antimony glycoxide                                                                            citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  Igepal CO630                                                  erbium nitrate  citric acid                                                   europium nitrate                                                                              citric acid                                                   lanthanum nitrate                                                                             citric acid                                                   neodymium nitrate                                                                             citric acid                                                   samarium nitrate                                                                              citric acid                                                   tetrapropylammonium                                                                           citric acid                                                   bromide                                                           76 RES 4076 aluminum acetate                                                                              citric acid                                                   aluminum acetate                                                                              Igepal CO630                                                  antimony glycoxide                                                                            citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  citric acid                                                   cupric acetate  Igepal CO630                                                  samarium nitrate                                                                              citric acid                                                   tetrapropylammonium                                                                           citric acid                                                   bromide                                                           ______________________________________                                    

The paint compositions of Table A indicate that several sols incombination with various kinds of latexes give good tannin blockperformance as freshly painted coatings on redwood board.

All product paints are evaluated for performance under acceleratedweathering conditions. Redwood panels are placed in a QUV Weatherometerfor 1 week using 4 hour cycles of light (using UVB-313 lamps, 45° C.)and moist darkness. The panels are again evaluated for tannin blockperformance. Although all the product paint compositions exhibitsuitable tannin blocking performance, substantially better performancewithout discoloration of the coating is observed in all four latexpaints containing the aluminum acetate-containing sol prepared with acitric acid stabilizer.

EXAMPLE 4

Several aluminum salts are utilized to prepare sols containing ethyleneglycol solvent using the method of Examples 1 and 3. Using the method ofExample 1, paints are prepared with various aluminum-containing salts inrespective sols and combined with the latexes of Example 3 and the paintpaste stock of Example 1. The product paint compositions are tested asin Examples 2 and 3 and the evaluations summarized in Table B.

                  TABLE B                                                         ______________________________________                                                   Sol (Ethylene                                                      Aluminum   Glycol Solvent)        After QUV,                                  Salt       Stabilizer  Latex      Rating*                                     ______________________________________                                        none       none        76 RES 4076                                                                              0                                           acetate    citric acid 76 RES 4076                                                                              5                                           acetate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 4076                                                                              1                                           isopropoxide                                                                             citric acid 76 RES 4076                                                                              3                                           nitrate    citric acid 76 RES 4076                                                                              4                                           nitrate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 4076                                                                              1                                           ammonium sulfate                                                                         citric acid 76 RES 4076                                                                              2                                           none       none        76 RES 60011                                                                             0                                           acetate    citric acid 76 RES 60011                                                                             5                                           acetate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 60011                                                                             1                                           isopropoxide                                                                             citric acid 76 RES 60011                                                                             4                                           nitrate    citric acid 76 RES 60011                                                                             3                                           nitrate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 60011                                                                             1                                           ammonium sulfate                                                                         citric acid 76 RES 60011                                                                             2                                           none       none        76 RES 6004                                                                              0                                           acetate    citric acid 76 RES 6004                                                                              4                                           acetate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 6004                                                                              1                                           isopropoxide                                                                             citric acid 76 RES 6004                                                                              5                                           nitrate    citric acid 76 RES 6004                                                                              2                                           nitrate    Igepal CO630                                                                              76 RES 6004                                                                              1                                           ammonium sulfate                                                                         citric acid 76 RES 6004                                                                              3                                           ______________________________________                                         *5 = best                                                                     0 = worst                                                                

The accelerated weathering results indicated in Table B suggest thepaints derived from the citric acid stabilized sols are better thanthose derived from the phenoxypolyoxyethylene surfactant-based sols.Furthermore, aluminum acetate and aluminum isopropoxide salts containedin the sols provide paints having superior tannin blocking properties.

EXAMPLE 5

In accordance with the method of Example 1, five paints are preparedwith four containing 10 weight percent aluminum acetate sol preparedwith citric acid as in Example 1 and one without the sol. The fourproduct paints containing the sol contain 5, 15, 25 and 35 weightpercent sol, respectively, based on the latex. These paint products areevaluated for tannin blocking under the QUV conditions illustrated inExample 3 and summarized in Table C.

                  TABLE C                                                         ______________________________________                                                               76    76     76    76                                  Amt.  Amt.    Wt %     RES   RES    RES   RES                                 Sol   Latex   Sol      4076* 60011* 6004* 6510*                               ______________________________________                                         0 g  200 g    0       2     2      2     2                                   10 g  190 g    5       5     5      5     5                                   30 g  170 g   15       4     4      4     4                                   50 g  150 g   25       3     3      3     3                                   70 g  130 g   35       1     1      2     1                                   ______________________________________                                         *Subjective rating after 1 week in QUV (5 = best)                        

The results in Table C indicate that a 10 weight percent aluminumacetate sol blended in a 5 weight percent amount with a latex, and thencompounded into a paint paste stock produces a surface coating or paintcomposition having superior tannin blocking properties.

EXAMPLE 6

A citric acid stabilized sol is prepared using 20 weight of aluminumacetate. The sol is blended with latexes utilized in Example 4 at 5%,10% and 15 weight percent (based on the latex), which are then utilizedwith the paint paste stock of Example 1 to prepare three product paintcompositions, which are evaluated under weathering QUV conditions.

                  TABLE D                                                         ______________________________________                                        Amt. Sol in                                                                   Latex, Wt %                                                                             76 RES 4076*                                                                             76 RES 60011*                                                                             76 RES 6004*                                 ______________________________________                                         5        5          1           2                                            10        4          5           5                                            15        3          3           3                                            ______________________________________                                          *Subjective Rating (5 = best)                                           

Such results indicate that a sol contained in an amount from about 5 toabout 10 weight percent of the latex is highly preferred when the solcontains about 15 to about 25 weight percent of aluminum acetate.

EXAMPLE 7

Citric acid stabilized sols prepared by the method of Example 1containing aluminum acetate are prepared at various concentrations ofaluminum acetate. The sols are blended with the latexes utilized inExample 4 so that the same concentration of aluminum acetate salt ispresent in each sol/latex product admixture composition. The productadmixture compositions are utilized with the paint paste stock ofExample 1 to prepare product paint compositions in accordance with themethod of Example 1. The results obtained evaluating the product paintcompositions under the QUV weathering conditions of Example 3 aresummarized in Table E.

                  TABLE E                                                         ______________________________________                                                   Amt. Sol                                                           Wt % Aluminum                                                                            Added to   76 RES   76 RES 76 RES                                  Acetate in Sol                                                                           180 g Latex                                                                              4076*    60011* 6004*                                   ______________________________________                                        10         20 g       1        1      1                                       16         14 g       2        2      2                                       20         10 g       5        4      5                                       21          9 g       5        4      5                                       26          4 g       4        5      4                                       ______________________________________                                          *Subjective Rating (5 = best)                                           

The results summarized in Table E indicate that an amount of sol inlatex is highly effective for tannin blocking when the sol contains atleast about 15 weight percent, preferably at least about 17 weightpercent and more preferably at least about 20 weight percent of aluminumacetate salt.

EXAMPLE 8

The method of Example 1 is used to prepare a tetrapropylammoniumbromide-containing sol. Forty nine and nine-tenths grams (49.9 g)tetrapropylammonium bromide, 246 g ethylene glycol, 166.4 g citric acid,and no nitric acid are combined. The admixture is heated at 40° C. for 1hour. The product sol has a pH <0.1 and a viscosity of 344 cps.

A paint paste is prepared using 397.4 g water, 8 g Natrosol Plus, 5.5 gColloid 226/35, 2.0 g Igepal CO630, 3.0 g Colloid 640, 2.0 g AMP-95, 1.5g potassium tripolyphosphate, 125 g Tronox CR822, 150 g Minex 4, 100 gASP-NC2, 20 g ethylene glycol, 1.5 g Nuosept 95, 10. g Texanol, 3 gColloid 643, and 6 g Polyphase AFl.

Two hundred eighty two (282) grams of a sol/latex product admixturecomposition, prepared from 30 g of the above-prepared sol and 270 g of aPVA latex, (Unocal 76 RES 3077), are blended with equal quantities ofthe above-prepared paint paste, but in one paint the aluminum acetatesol of Example 1 is replaced by tetrapropylammonium bromide sol and nosol is admixed with the latex in the other. The product paintcompositions are applied to coat redwood. The tannin blocking propertyof the paints are observed in Table F.

                  TABLE F                                                         ______________________________________                                        Sol in Paint        Tannin Block Property                                     ______________________________________                                        none                very poor blocking                                        tetrapropylammonium bromide                                                                       good blocking                                             aluminum acetate    fair blocking                                             ______________________________________                                    

The tetrapropylammonium bromide sol-containing paint exhibits bettertannin blocking properties than the aluminum acetate sol-containingpaint when a PVA latex (Unocal 76 RES 3077) is employed in the paintformulation of Example 1. Such results indicate the tannin blockingproperty of a paint or surface coating composition is dependent on theparticular latex and/or the particular paint paste utilized with a givensol or gel composition.

In view of the foregoing description of the invention including theexamples thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications,and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departingfrom the concept of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intendedin the invention to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, andvariations as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:
 1. A surface coating composition comprising a latex of apolymer and at least one salt, said salt derived from a salt-containingsol or gel composition comprising cations, anions and colloidal saltparticulates and said salt in sufficient concentration to enhance thetannin blocking property of the coating composition.
 2. The compositiondefined in claim 1 wherein said sol or gel composition comprises anonaqueous solvent.
 3. The composition defined in claim 2 furthercomprising a surface coating paste stock containing one or morecompounds selected from the group consisting of a pigment, an extenderpigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a dispersing aid, aprotective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an amine solubilizer, a flowadditive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler material and said sol or gelcomposition having a pH less than about 4.0.
 4. The composition in claim3 wherein said paste stock comprises at least one pigment.
 5. Thecomposition defined in claim 3 wherein said paste stock comprises acoalescing aid.
 6. The composition defined in claim 3 wherein said pastestock comprises a thickening aid.
 7. The composition defined in claim 3wherein said paste stock comprises a dispersing aid.
 8. The compositiondefined in claim 3 wherein said paste stock comprises a defoamer.
 9. Thecomposition defined in claim 3 wherein said paste stock comprises abiocide.
 10. The composition defined in claim 3 wherein said surfacecoating paste stock comprises pigment salt particulates of diametergreater than 40 nanometers.
 11. The composition defined in claim 1wherein said salt comprises an aluminum metal cation.
 12. Thecomposition defined in claim 1 wherein the concentration of said salt insaid sol or gel composition is about 1 to about 50 weight percent. 13.The composition defined in claim 1 wherein the concentration of salt insaid coating composition is about 0.02 to about 1 weight percent. 14.The composition defined in claim 12 wherein the concentration of sol orgel composition in said coating composition is about 0.1 to about 5weight percent.
 15. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein saidlatex of a polymer is selected from the group consisting of:(1)conjugated diolefin polymers containing one or more conjugated dienemonomers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (2) olefin-ester interpolymerscontaining a monoolefin monomer having up to 4 carbon atoms and analkenyl or alkenol ester of a saturated carboxylic acid, (3)olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester polymers containingpolymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers containing polymerizedolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomers, (4) polymers ofolefinically unsaturated monomers containing alkenyl ether monomerunits, (5) polymers of vinylidene chloride or vinyl chloride with orwithout other polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers, and (6)combinations thereof.
 16. The composition defined in claim 1 whereinsaid salt comprises tetrapropylammonium bromide.
 17. The compositiondefined in claim 1 wherein said salt is selected from the groupconsisting of the acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides of ammonium,silver, aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt,chromium, cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury, indium,potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead,praseodymium, antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc,manganese, gold, germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium,yttrium, bismuth, gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium,tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate, sodium vanadate, nickelsilylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickel phosphomolybdate, titaniumethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium molybdocobaltate, sodiummolybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, barium carbonate, neodymium nitrate,lanthanum oxide, erbium nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, andtetrapropylammonium bromide.
 18. The composition defined in claim 1being a paint, primer or stain.
 19. A surface coating compositioncomprising:(1) a product admixture composition comprising (a) a sol orgel composition containing anions, cations and colloidal saltparticulates of a salt and having a pH less than about 4.0 and (b) alatex of a polymer, said salt in sufficient amount to enhance the tanninblock property of said surface coating composition as compared to thesame surface coating composition which does not contain said sol or gelcomposition, and (2) a surface coating paste stock containing one ormore components selected from the group consisting of a pigment, anextender pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a dispersing aid,a protective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an amine solubilizer, aflow additive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler material.
 20. Thesurface coating composition defined in claim 19 being a waterbornesurface coating composition wherein said sol or gel compositioncomprises an organic solvent and a stabilizer.
 21. The waterbornesurface coating composition defined in claim 20 further comprising atleast one pigment.
 22. The waterborne surface coating compositiondefined in claim 20 wherein said surface coating paste stock comprisespigment salt particulates of diameter greater than 40 nanometers. 23.The waterborne surface coating composition defined in claim 20 furthercomprising a coalescing aid.
 24. The waterborne surface coatingcomposition defined in claim 20 further comprising a thickening aid. 25.The waterborne surface coating composition defined in claim 20 furthercomprising a dispersing aid.
 26. The waterborne surface coatingcomposition defined in claim 20 further comprising a defoamer.
 27. Thewaterborne surface coating composition defined in claim 20 furthercomprising a biocide.
 28. The waterborne surface coating compositiondefined in claim 20 further comprising:(a) a coalescing aid, (b) athickening aid, (c) a dispersing aid, (d) a defoamer, (e) a biocide, and(f) a filler.
 29. The surface coating composition defined in claim 19wherein said polymer comprises about 40 to about 70 weight percent ofsaid latex.
 30. The surface coating composition defined in claim 19wherein said salt comprises an aluminum metal cation.
 31. The waterbornesurface coating composition defined in claim 21 wherein said salt ishomogeneously distributed in said composition.
 32. The surface coatingdefined in claim 19 wherein the concentration of said salt in saidcoating composition is about 0.02 to about 1 weight percent.
 33. Thewaterborne surface coating defined in claim 19 wherein the concentrationof salt in said sol or gel composition is about 10 to about 20 weightpercent.
 34. The waterborne surface coating defined in claim 19 whereinthe concentration of sol or gel composition in said coating compositionis about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.
 35. The waterborne surfacecoating defined in claim 19 wherein the concentration of sol or gel insaid product admixture composition is about 0.5 to about 25 weightpercent.
 36. The waterborne surface coating composition defined in claim19 wherein said polymer is a water-dispersible polymer binder selectedfrom the group consisting of:(1) conjugated diolefin polymers containingone or more conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (2)olefin-ester interpolymers containing a monoolefin monomer having up to4 carbon atoms and an alkenyl or alkenol ester of a saturated carboxylicacid, (3) olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester polymerscontaining polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers containingpolymerized olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomers, (4)polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers containing alkenyl ethermonomer units, (5) polymers of vinylidene chloride or vinyl chloridewith or without other polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers,and (6) combinations thereof.
 37. The waterborne surface coatingcomposition defined in claim 19 wherein said salt is selected from thegroup consisting of the acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides ofammonium, silver, aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium,cobalt, chromium, cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury,indium, potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead,praseodymium, antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc,manganese, gold, germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium,yttrium, bismuth, gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium,tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate, sodium vanadate, nickelsilylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickel phosphomolybdate, titaniumethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium molybdocobaltate, sodiummolybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, barium carbonate, neodymium nitrate,lanthanum oxide, aluminum isopropoxide, and tetrapropylammonium bromide.38. A paint composition comprising: a paint paste stock containing oneor more components selected from the group consisting of a pigment, anextender pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a dispersing aid,a protective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an amine solubilizer, aflow additive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler material, a latex of apolymer, and a tannin block-enhancing amount of a salt comprisinganions, cations and colloidal salt particulates homogeneouslydistributed in said composition.
 39. A paint composition comprising: alatex of a polymer a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, a defoamer, abiocide, a filler, and a tannin block-enhancing amount of a saltcomprising anions, cations and colloidal salt particulates homogeneouslydistributed in said composition.
 40. A precursor composition useful forpreparing a product surface coating composition, said precursorcomposition comprising: (1) a latex of a polymer, (2) a surface coatingpaste stock, and (3) a sol or gel composition containing a tanninblock-enhancing amount of salt, said sol or gel further comprisinganions, cations and colloidal salt particulates, an organic solvent anda stabilizer and having a pH less than about 4.0.
 41. The precursorcomposition defined in claim 40 wherein the concentration of said saltin said sol or gel composition is about 1 to about 50 weight percent.42. The precursor composition defined in claim 38 wherein theconcentration of said salt in said paint composition is about 0.02 toabout 1 weight percent.
 43. The precursor composition defined in claim39 wherein the concentration of said salt in said paint composition isabout 0.02 to about 1 weight percent.
 44. A method for increasing thetannin block property of a product surface coating composition, saidmethod comprising the step of admixing a sol or gel compositioncontaining a tannin block-enhancing concentration of a salt in the formof anions, cations and colloidal salt particulates with a compositioncontaining a polymer to produce a product surface coating composition ora surface coating precursor composition, said product surface coatingcomposition or a product surface coating composition derived from saidsurface coating precursor composition both having a tannin blockproperty which is greater than that of the same product surface coatingcomposition prepared without said salt from said sol or gel composition.45. The method defined in claim 44 wherein the said product surfacecoating exhibits no discoloration after one week when applied and driedon a wood-containing substrate and subjected to 4 hour intervals oflight and moist darkness in a QUV Weatherometer.
 46. The method definedin claim 44 wherein said product surface coating composition is a paint,primer or stain.
 47. The method defined in claim 44 wherein said productsurface coating composition or said surface coating precursorcomposition comprises a latex polymer and said salt comprises analuminum metal cation.
 48. The method defined in claim 44 wherein saidproduct surface coating composition comprises a latex of a polymerselected from the group consisting of:(1) conjugated diolefin polymerscontaining one or more conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 8 carbonatoms, (2) olefin-ester interpolymers containing a monoolefin monomerhaving up to 4 carbon atoms and an alkenyl or alkenol ester of asaturated carboxylic acid, (3) olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acidester polymers containing polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomerscontaining polymerized olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid estermonomers, (4) polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers containingalkenyl ether monomer units, (5) polymers of vinylidene chloride orvinyl chloride with or without other polymerized, olefinicallyunsaturated monomers, and (6) combinations thereof.
 49. The methoddefined in claim 44 wherein said salt is selected from the groupconsisting of the acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides of ammonium,silver, aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt,chromium, cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury, indium,potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead,praseodymium, antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc,manganese, gold, germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium,yttrium, bismuth, gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium,tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate, sodium vanadate, nickelsilylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickel phosphomolybdate titaniumethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium molybdocobaltate, sodiummolybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, barium carbonate, neodymium nitrate,lanthanum oxide, erbium nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, andtetrapropylammonium bromide.
 50. The method defined in claim 44 whereinsaid salt comprises tetrapropylammonium bromide.
 51. The method definedin claim 44 wherein said salt comprises an aluminum metal cation. 52.The method defined in claim 44 wherein said finished paint compositioncomprises:(a) a coalescing aid, (b) a thickening aid, (c) a dispersingaid, (d) a defoamer, (e) a biocide, (f) a filler, and (g) a polymerbinder.
 53. The method defined in claim 44 wherein said surface coatingcomposition or surface coating precursor composition comprises a latexof a polymer and said sol or gel composition has a pH less than about4.0.
 54. The method defined in claim 44 wherein said salt contained insaid composition containing said polymer is homogeneously distributedwith said polymer.
 55. The method defined in claim 44 wherein theconcentration of said sol or gel composition in said product surfacecoating composition is about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.
 56. A methodfor enhancing the tannin block property of a product paint composition,said method comprising the step of admixing a sol or gel compositioncontaining a salt in the form of anions, cations and colloidal saltparticulates with a paint composition or a paint precursor compositionto produce a product paint composition, said paint composition, productpaint composition or paint precursor composition each containing apolymer, and wherein sufficient salt is contained in said sol or gelcomposition to increase the tannin block property of said product paintcomposition as compared to said product paint composition not containingsaid sol or gel composition.
 57. The method defined in claim 56 whereinthe sol or gel composition further comprises a solvent containingethylene glycol and a stabilizer containing citric acid or a nonionicsurfactant.
 58. The method defined in claim 56 wherein said productpaint composition is an outdoor paint.
 59. The method defined in claim56 wherein said product paint composition is a latex-based paint. 60.The method defined in claim 56 wherein said starting paint or paintprecursor composition comprises a latex polymer and said salt comprisesan aluminum metal cation.
 61. The method defined in claim 56 whereinsaid salt in said sol or gel composition comprises colloidal saltparticulates.
 62. The method defined in claim 56 wherein said productpaint composition comprises a latex of a polymer selected from the groupconsisting of:(1) conjugated diolefin polymers containing one or moreconjugated diene monomers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (2) olefin-esterinterpolymers containing a monoolefin monomer having up to 4 carbonatoms and an alkenyl or alkenol ester of a saturated carboxylic acid,(3) olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester polymers containingpolymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers containing polymerizedolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomers, (4) polymers ofolefinically unsaturated monomers containing alkenyl ether monomerunits, (5) polymers of vinylidene chloride or vinyl chloride with orwithout other polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers, and (6)combinations thereof.
 63. The method defined in claim 56 wherein saidsalt is homogeneously distributed with the polymer contained in saidpaint composition or said paint precursor composition.
 64. The methoddefined in claim 56 wherein said salt is selected from the groupconsisting of the acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides of ammonium,silver, aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt,chromium, cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury, indium,potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead,praseodymium, antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc,manganese, gold, germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium,yttrium, bismuth, gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium,tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate, sodium vanadate, nickelsilylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickel phosphomolybdate, titaniumethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium molybdocobaltate, sodiummolybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, barium carbonate, neodymium nitrate,lanthanum oxide, erbium nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, andtetrapropylammonium bromide.
 65. The method defined in claim 56 whereinsaid salt comprises tetrapropylammonium bromide.
 66. The method definedin claim 56 wherein said salt comprises an aluminum metal cation. 67.The method defined in claim 56 wherein said product paint compositioncomprises:(a) a coalescing aid, (b) a thickening aid, (c) a dispersingaid, (d) a defoamer, (e) a biocide, and (f) a filler.
 68. The methoddefined in claim 56 wherein said paint composition or paint precursorcomposition comprises a latex and said sol or gel composition has a pHless than about 4.0.
 69. The method defined in claim 56 wherein saidsalt contained in said product paint composition is homogeneouslydispersed with said polymer.
 70. The method defined in claim 56 whereinthe concentration of said sol or gel composition in said product paintcomposition is about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent.
 71. The methoddefined in claim 56 wherein the concentration of said salt in saidproduct paint composition is about 0.02 to about 1 weight percent. 72.The method defined in claim 56 wherein the concentration of salt in saidsol or gel composition is about 1 to about 50 weight percent.
 73. Themethod defined in claim 67 wherein said polymer is a binder comprising alatex polymer.
 74. The method defined in claim 56 wherein said productpaint composition exhibits no discoloration after one week when appliedand dried on a wood-containing substrate and subjected to 4 hourintervals of light and moist darkness in a QUV Weatherometer.
 75. Amethod for enhancing the tannin block property of a surface coatingcomposition, said method comprising the following steps:(a) admixing asol or gel composition having a pH less than 4.0 and containing a saltin the form of anions, cations and colloidal salt particulates with acomposition containing a latex of a polymer to produce a productadmixture composition containing said salt and said polymer, said saltin sufficient amount to increase the tannin block property of thesurface coating composition obtained in step (b); and (b) blending saidproduct admixture composition with a surface coating paste stockcontaining one or more components selected from the group consisting ofa pigment, an extender pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, adispersing aid, a protective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an aminesolubilizer, a flow additive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler materialto produce a surface coating composition having a tannin block propertywhich is greater than substantially the same surface coating compositionbut not containing said sol or gel composition.
 76. The method definedin claim 75 wherein said salt in said product admixture compositioncomprises colloidal salt particulates.
 77. The method defined in claim75 wherein said polymer composition comprises a starting latex polymer.78. The method defined in claim 75 wherein said polymer compositioncomprises water.
 79. The method defined in claim 75 wherein said surfacecoating paste stock comprises at least one pigment.
 80. The methoddefined in claim 75 wherein said surface coating composition is a paint,primer or stain.
 81. The method defined in claim 75 wherein sufficientsalt is added to said sol or gel composition such that said surfacecoating composition exhibits no discoloration after one week whenapplied and dried on a wood-containing substrate and subjected to 4 hourintervals of light and moist darkness in a QUV Weatherometer.
 82. Themethod defined in claim 75 wherein said polymer in step (a) is selectedfrom the group consisting of:(1) conjugated diolefin polymers containingone or more conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, (2)olefin-ester interpolymers containing a monoolefin momomer having up to4 carbon atoms and an alkenyl or alkenol ester of a saturated carboxylicacid, (3) olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester polymerscontaining polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers containingpolymerized olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomers, (4)polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers containing alkenyl ethermonomer units, (5) polymers of vinylidene chloride or vinyl chloridewith or without other polymerized, olefinically unsaturated monomers,and (6) combinations thereof.
 83. A product surface coating compositionprepared by the method of claim
 44. 84. A product paint compositionprepared by the method of claim
 56. 85. A product surface coatingcomposition prepared by the method of claim
 75. 86. A surface coatingcomposition prepared by the method comprising the steps of:(1) admixinga composition containing a latex of a polymer with a surface coatingpaste stock containing one or more components selected from the groupconsisting of a pigment, an extender pigment, a coalescing aid, athickening aid, a dispersing aid, a protective colloid, a defoamer, abiocide, an amine solubilizer, a flow additive, a drier, a cosolvent anda filler material, and (2) admixing a sol or gel composition containinga salt in the form of anions, cations and colloidal salt particulateswith the admixture composition obtained from step (1) to produce asurface coating composition containing salt in a sufficient amount toenhance the tannin blocking property of said surface coatingcomposition.
 87. A surface coating composition prepared by the methodcomprising the steps of:(1) admixing a surface coating paste stockcontaining one or more components selected from the group consisting ofa pigment, an extender pigment, a coalescing aid, a thickening aid, adispersing aid, a protective colloid, a defoamer, a biocide, an aminesolubilizer, a flow additive, a drier, a cosolvent and a filler materialwith a sol or gel composition containing a salt in the form of anions,cations and colloidal salt particulates, said salt in sufficient amountto block tannin effects on a wood-containing substrate when coated onsaid substrate and (2) admixing a composition containing a polymer withan admixture composition contained from step (1) to produce a surfacecoating composition having enhanced tannin block properties compared tothe same surface coating composition which does not contain said sol orgel composition.
 88. A surface coating composition comprising: a surfacecoating paste stock containing one or more components selected from thegroup consisting of a pigment, an extender pigment, a coalescing aid, athickening aid, a dispersing aid, a protective colloid, a defoamer, abiocide, an amine solubilizer, a flow additive, a drier, a cosolvent anda filler material, a latex of a polymer, a sol or gel compositioncomprising (1) a stabilizer comprising a chelator or a nonionicsurfactant, (2) a nonaqueous solvent comprising an ether, ester, alcoholor combination thereof, (3) at least one salt comprising anions, cationsor colloidal particulates, said salt in sufficient amount to enhance thetannin block property of said composition when coated on awood-containing substrate, and water.
 89. The surface coatingcomposition defined in claim 88 comprising at least about 15 weightpercent of water.
 90. The surface coating composition defined in claim88 wherein said chelator comprises citric acid and said nonaqueoussolvent comprises ethylene glycol.
 91. The surface coating compositiondefined in claim 88 wherein said salt is selected from the groupconsisting of the acetates, citrates, nitrates and halides of ammonium,silver, aluminum, bismuth, boron, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt,chromium, cesium, copper, dyprosium, europium, iron, mercury, indium,potassium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, sodium, nickel, lead,praseodymium, antimony, silicon, strontium, thallium, uranium, zinc,manganese, gold, germanium, molybdenum, samarium, tellurium, thorium,yttrium, bismuth, gallium, neodymium, rubidium, zinc and terbium,tetraethylammonium bromide, ferric citrate, sodium vanadate, nickelsilylmolybdate, cobalt silylmolybdate, nickel phosphomolybdate, titaniumethoxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium molybdocobaltate, sodiummolybdate, titanium ethylhexoxide, barium carbonate, neodymium nitrate,lanthanum oxide, erbium nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, andtetrapropylammonium bromide.
 92. The composition defined in claim 29wherein said salt comprises aluminum acetate and said polymer bindercomprises a styrene-vinyl acrylic latex.
 93. The paint compositiondefined in claim 38 wherein said polymer comprises about 40 to about 70weight percent of said latex.
 94. The composition defined in claim 38wherein said sol or gel composition comprises a nonaqueous solvent and astabilizer.
 95. The composition defined in claim 38 wherein said saltcomprises at least one aluminum-containing salt selected from the groupconsisting of aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, andaluminum isopropoxide.
 96. The composition defined in claim 86 whereinsaid polymer in step (1) is contained in said latex in a concentrationfrom about 40 to about 70 weight percent.
 97. The composition defined inclaim 87 wherein said polymer in step (2) is contained in said latex ina concentration from about 40 to about 70 weight percent.
 98. Thecomposition defined in claim 88 wherein said latex comprises about 40 toabout 70 weight percent of said polymer.
 99. The composition defined inclaim 3 wherein said salt comprises at least one aluminum-containingsalt selected from the group consisting of aluminum acetate, aluminumchloride, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum isopropoxide.
 100. Thecomposition defined in claim 20 wherein said salt comprises at least onealuminum-containing salt selected from the group consisting of aluminumacetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum isopropoxide.101. The composition defined in claim 88 wherein said salt comprises atleast one aluminum-containing salt selected from the group consisting ofaluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, and aluminumisopropoxide.
 102. The surface coating composition defined in claim 38wherein said polymer comprises about 40 to about 70 weight percent ofsaid latex.